Unbending Notes

关于ICANN新协议申明(2)总裁解释

sz1961sy 发表于 2009/10/3 22:20:00 阅读全文() | 回复(0) | 引用通告() | 编辑

    域名资讯网10月2日讯,(美国时间)2009年9月30日,ICANN官方网站新闻对外宣布:与美国商务部达成新的协议申明内容。然而,在这份协议申明公布前4天,即9月26日,ICANN就把总裁兼CEO--Rod Beckstrom先生的一段关于新协议申明采访视频上传到网上,在这段近5分钟长采访视频中,Rod Beckstrom先生向全球公众解释新的协议申明内容有什么变化。

    中国用户如果想看配上中文字幕的这段视频,

    可访问这个网址:http://dotsub.com/view/5b50a699-117a-438b-9a49-2ddefaec4d76


    这段视频的介绍如下:

    ICANN CEO talks about the new Affirmation of Commitments
    Duration: 4 minutes and 57 seconds
    Year: 2009
    Country: United States
    Language: English
    License: CC - Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives
    Genre: Public Service Announcement
    Producer: Brad White
    Director: Brad White
    Views: 1,412
    Posted by: icann on 2009-9-26

    CEO and President of ICANN, Rod Beckstrom, discusses the change to the organization through the conclusion of the Joint Project Agreement (JPA) with the United States government and the creation of a new Affirmation of Commitments.

    Report this video as offensive

    下面是ICANN官方网站上Rod Beckstrom先生采访视频英文文字及经过“域名资讯网.中国”校正的中文译文:

    本文是域名资讯网专用稿件,未经授权转载请注明出处及作者。

    ICANN CEO Talks About the New Affirmation of Commitments

    30 September 2009

    ICANN was created to help move the domain name system that holds all the names and all the addresses together on the internet globally.Rod Beckstrom - ICANN Chief Executive Officer。

    And it was meant to transfer that responsibility from the U.S. government into the private sector, into a multi-stakeholder nonprofit organization.And the JPA was set up to assist that transfer and to make sure that transfer was successful.

    With the conclusion of the JPA, it means we've hit that target after 11 years and we're now mature enough to move on to the next phase of our global development.So it's a real exciting time for us to enter a whole new level as an organization.

    >> How would you characterize the JPA?    
    >> Would you characterize it as a success?

    Absolutely. There was a set of milestones that were established specifically around engaging different stakeholder communities:the addressing groups around the world, the ISPs, the registrars, the registries,and cultivating those communities and getting them engaged in self-governance for the Internet.That has succeeded.

    JPA is gone. We now have this Affirmation.

    >>What is this Affirmation?

    The Affirmation is an Affirmation of Commitments among the parties effectively for us to have a continued relationship with the United States government,and our commitment to do periodic reviews of our accountability and transparency as an organization of our performance and security and resiliency and in other areas.And we're committing to do those reviews, but in the past under the JPAthose reviews were simply submitted to the U.S. government.Under the new relationship, these reviews are developed by what will conventionally be an international committee of parties chosen by the chairman of our Governmental Advisory Committee,who represents 100 countries around the world, and the CEO of ICANN--myself--or in some cases the chairman of ICANN.

   And so what it means is we'll do some reviews--we're committing to do those--and the United States government will have one seat the tableat one of those three sets of reviews,and the rest will be as appointed by these parties,including the Governmental Advisory Committee.So what it really means is we're going global.All the reviews and all the work done will be submitted for public comment to the world. And the United States, just like every other country,will be a recipient of that information through the publication of the results.

    But there's no separate or unique or separate reporting to the United States government.All the reporting is to the world; that's the real change.Under the JPA the reporting was just to the U.S. government,and some of it was handled publicly,and now all the reporting is global.

    A number of senior U.S. congressional leadersin early August sent us a letter expressing some concerns or things that appeared they wanted us to havein any relationship that might replace the JPA,in this case the Affirmation document.And the Affirmation document takes on all three of the issues that they raised,and I think they should be quite satisfied.

   The first was that they wanted to see a long-term or a document with more permanence,a more permanent relationship. That is accomplished.The Affirmation is effectively a perpetual agreement.There are some abilities of the parties to exit,but it is fundamentally a long-standing agreement.

    Secondly, they were concerned that ICANN remain on U.S. soil for its head quarter offices.We have reaffirmed our commitment to do that in the Affirmation agreement.

    And thirdly, they wanted to make sure that we had adequate accountability for our performance as a private nonsector group.And as discussed already, accountability reviews will be part of what we do every three years from here on out,continuing as an organization under the Affirmation document.

   If anyone is concerned about the conclusion of the JPA and is concerned about this move to the Affirmation,they should just open their eyes and look at the world.The internet is spreading everywhere.It's spreading into our PDAs, into our telephones, into our computer classrooms, in huts in Kenya,in the backwoods of Thailand, in the rainforest.The internet is connecting us all,and it's this amazing fabric that's bringing us together as mankind.And it is a global phenomenon.

    In addition to the Affirmation agreement,we're moving towards fully supporting different ***s and languages in domain names,and these two efforts will tie together very nicely.But the internet's becoming more global because today you have to type dot com or a dot extensionthat has English-like or Latin characters, what we call ASCII.In the near future--next year--we'll be rolling out Chinese, Russian, and different languages.

    So the Affirmation is our commitment to be globaland to report to the global communityand then, technologically, we're opening up other pieces of the internet, too.So the primary expansion now is around the world, of course.It's highly saturated in the United States and other advanced countries,and we're seeing tremendous uptake now across Asia and into Africa,Latin America, and all over the world.

    附:ICANN的CEO关于新的协议申明访谈(中文译文)

    2009年9月30日

    ICANN的CEO--Rod Beckstrom说:创建ICANN的目的是要有助于运营域名体系,其包括在全球互联网上全部域名和网址。

    ICANN的作用是把美国政府的职能转移到私营机构,由一个多方利益相关者的非营利组织承担。另外,美国商务部同ICANN所签的JPA协议是为了有助于职能转移、而且保证这种职能转移的成功。

 

    根据JPA的结论:这意味着我们在11年后达到了这个职能转移目标。因此,ICANN作为一个机构己经成熟,将在一个全新的水平上,面临真正激动人心的时刻:可以进入下一个阶段的全球拓展阶段。

    问:你能描述JPA的特点吗?
    问:你有描述JPA成功的指标吗?

    当然,JPA创建了ICANN工作一个里程碑。在具体解决不同利益相关者社区方面,包括:在世界各地设立寻址工作组,互联网服务供应商工作组,域名注册商工作组,域名注册者工作组。并且培养这些社区,让他们进行自我互联网治理。这些方面都很成功。

    美国商务部同ICANN所签的JPA协议己经不再生效,我们现在有这个“申明”。

    问:这个“申明”都是些什么内容?

    “申明”对ICANN同美国政府继续合作非常有效,它是各个团体之间承诺的“申明”。我们承诺对我们组织的问责性和透明度定期审查。定期审查还包括我们的表现、安全性、恢复力以及其他领域等方面。我们承诺会做这些审查,但是过去在JPA体制下,这些审查只是很简单的提交给美国政府。在新的关系中,按照传统,这些审查由国际委员会团体来开发,由我们的政府咨询委员会主席选择,后者代表着全世界100个国家和地区,以及ICANN的首席执行官,也就是我本人。在特定情况下,也许ICANN主席也参与。

    我们承诺做的这些,并且美国政府也会有一席之地。在这三组审查中一方是留给那些包括政府咨询委员会的团体来参与。这样做的真正含义表明:我们是真正地走向全球,所有的审查和全部工作将提交给世界,以接受公众意见。美国和其他国家一样,通过发布结果来接受信息,而不会有单独、特别的、另外的专门报告提供给美国政府。

    所有的报告都是给全世界的,这次是真的改变了。因为在以往的JPA体制下,所有的报告都是只给美国政府。只有一些是公开处理,现在是所有的报告都是全球性的。

    在2009年8月初,我们收到由多位美国国会资深领导人联名写给ICANN的一封信,表达了他们对JPA协议的问题关注。同时也表达了他们希望ICANN所能实现的事情。这次在“申明”文件也许代替了过去JPA中的关系条款、这份“申明”文件己经解决了他们提出的三个问题,本人认为他们应该感到很满意。

    第一个问题是,他们希望看到一个长期的或者更持久的文件,更为持久的关系,这个问题己经完成了。ICANN支持组织都是具有脱离ICANN能力的团体,“申明”实际上是确保ICANN是在一个永久协议上运营。

    第二个问题是,他们担心ICANN的总部在美国领土上,我们在“协议申明”中重申了我们的承诺。

    第三个问题是,他们希望确保有足够的问责能力来对待我们的表现。作为一个非盈利私营机构,正如过往所讨论过的一样,问责审查将成为我们工作的一部分。每三年都会从这里发出报告,继续在“申明”文件下作为一个机构加上提交。

    如果有人关注JPA的终结版本,请大家睁大眼睛看一下这个变化:就是注意JPA协议己经变为“申明(Affirmation)”。互联网到处传播,它的传播到我们的掌上电脑、到我们的电话,到我们的计算机教室。这是一个全球现象:在肯尼亚茅屋中,在泰国的偏僻山区,在热带雨林中,互联网把我们所有人连接在一起,这条神奇的纤维将我们人类紧紧联系在一起。

    除了“协议申明”,我们都已经完全支持对不同脚本和语言的域名问题的观点。这两个努力将配合得很好,然而,互联网的日趋全球化,因为今天你必须键入.com域名或一个点扩展新域名,具有类似英语或者拉丁字符,就是我们所说的ASCII。在不久的将来--明年--我们就会将推出中文、俄文、和不同的语言国际化域名。

    因此,“申明”是ICANN对全球的承诺。并向全球的社区汇报。接下来,从技术角度上说,我们也要开放互联网的其他部分。因此,现在主要的新域名扩展当然在世界各地。当美国及其他发达国家的域名注册市场己相当饱和时、我们也看到在亚洲、非洲到拉丁美洲、以至全球域名注册市场的巨大前景。

    [相关新闻]  国内中文媒体有关此事依报道时间先后及出处的摘要:

    1、《据传美国政府与ICANN脱钩 只留监督权》 ugmbbc发布于 2009-09-26 08:11:47
    ICANN(互联网名称和号码分配公司)目前已经获取到域名管理事务的自主权,并且协议期限无限期延长.新的协议建立了一个“监督小组”,负责通用域名之间的竞争仲裁、定期审查、数据处理、网络安全和透明性问责等,以保护公众权益,美国政府将仅仅保留一个小组席位,其它之前所有监管能力全部失效.但是ICANN也需要做出重大改变,单独协议业务许可将在2011年到期.但ICANN和美国政府的相应监管机构都拒绝证实上述报道.美国对ICANN的影响力是许多其它国家的争议点,今年6月,欧盟向美国喊话,呼吁放弃对ICANN的控制.

    2、《传ICANN月底独立 摆脱美国政府控制》 发布时间:2009.09.27 07:24 来源:赛迪网 作者:友亚
    9月27日消息,据国外媒体报道,知情人士透露,美国政府已同意在月底让出ICANN控制权。ICANN是位于加州的非营利机构,主要负责互联网域名管理。2006年10月,ICANN与美国政府续约三年,由美国商务部负责管理。 9月30日,ICANN与美国政府的这份合约即将结束。有消息称,ICANN已经与美国政府签署了新的协议,将于月底生效。根据新协议,ICANN将获得自治权,但同时成立一个由各国政府组成的监管小组,对ICANN进行监督,而美国将在监管小组中拥有一个永久席位。长期以来,国际互联网的控制权问题一直是各国政府争论的焦点。一些发展中国家认为,当前的管理机构ICANN应该彻底从美国政府中独立出来,或者由联合国下属机构来控制。

    3、《域名与地址管理机构ICANN将摆脱美政府控制》 2009年09月27日10:17 腾讯科技 向兆琹编译  
    腾讯科技讯 北京时间9月27日消息,据外国媒体报道,互联网域名与地址管理机构(ICANN)和美国政府的合约关系即将结束。根据《经济学人》的报道,ICANN可能将在本月跟美国政府签订一份四页的“责任书”。

    4、《ICANN脱离美国政府获独立地位 不受任何机构控制》 中国软件资讯网 2009-10-1 17:44
    CNSN讯:10月1日,据外电报道,美国今天放宽对民间网络管理部门网络名称地址机构(ICANN)的控制,赋予该组织更大自主权,并将其交由国际共同监督。美国商务部(Commerce Department)与ICANN共同组成审查小组,检视该组织在重要领域的工作成果,目的是让ICANN获得更多授权。审查小组包括美国之外的各国政府代表,各国早已要求让这个低调却握有大权的组织更加国际化,此举有助平息声浪。
    ICANN是设于加州的民间非营利机构,负责管理作为网络骨架的“网络名称系统”(Domain Name System,DNS),自1998年起,就基于它和隶属商务部的国家电信与信息管理局的一项协议运作。协议将于明天正式到期,并由新的“托付认可”(Affirmation of Commitments)协议取代。新协议签订得正是时机,ICANN准备扩充通用顶级域名如.com、.org。这项备具争议的行动将会大量增加可用网址的数量。
    企业界领袖与其他人都敞开双手欢迎新协议。网络巨擘谷歌(Google)总裁施密特(Eric Schimdt)就表示:“谷歌与用户每天都仰赖活跃且不断扩充的网络,我们肯定新的协议,也称许ICANN在扮演网络稳定提供者的角色上更趋成熟。”


    沈阳(网名:sz1961sy)王秀玉(Francy)
    18:28 2009-10-2 第一稿
    22:52 2009-10-2 Francy 第二稿校对
    18:27 2009-10-3 第三稿 写于北京家中

作者:沈阳 王秀玉
编辑:沈阳
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