Unbending Notes
说说崔永元（29）医学伦理的边界是全球规制（下）
Barry Clark Barish 2017 Physics
Paul Berg 1980 Chemistry
Bruce A. Beutler 2011 Medicine
J. Michael Bishop 1989 Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn 2009 Medicine
Gunter Blobel * 1999 Medicine
Paul D. Boyer * 1997 Chemistry
Sydney Brenner 2002 Medicine
Mario R. Capecchi 2007 Medicine
Thomas R. Cech 1989 Chemistry
Martin Chalfie 2008 Chemistry
Steven Chu 1997 Physics
Aaron Ciechanover 2004 Chemistry
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 1997 Physics
Leon N. Cooper 1972 Physics
Elias James Corey 1990 Chemistry
Robert F. Curl Jr. 1996 Chemistry
Johann Deisenhofer 1988 Chemistry
Peter C. Doherty 1996 Medicine
Richard R. Ernst 1991 Chemistry
Sir Martin J. Evans 2007 Medicine
Eugene F. Fama 2013 Economics
Bernard L. Feringa 2016 Chemistry
Edmond H. Fischer 1992 Medicine
Jerome I. Friedman 1990 Physics
Andre Geim 2010 Physics
Ivar Giaever 1973 Physics
Walter Gilbert 1980 Chemistry
Alfred G. Gilman * 1994 Medicine
Sheldon Glashow 1979 Physics
Roy J. Glauber 2005 Physics
Joseph L. Goldstein 1985 Medicine
Carol W. Greider 2009 Medicine
David J. Gross 2004 Physics
Robert H. Grubbs 2005 Chemistry
Roger Guillemin 1977 Medicine
Sir John B. Gurdon 2012 Medicine
F. Duncan M. Haldane 2016 Physics
John L. Hall 2005 Physics
Lars Peter Hansen 2013 Economics
Serge Haroche 2012 Physics
Oliver Hart 2016 Economics
Leland H. Hartwell 2001 Medicine
Harald zur Hausen 2008 Medicine
James J. Heckman 2000 Economics
Stefan W. Hell 2014 Chemistry
Richard Henderson 2017 Chemistry
Dudley R. Herschbach 1986 Chemistry
Avram Hershko 2004 Chemistry
Gerardus 't Hooft 1999 Physics
H. Robert Horvitz 2002 Medicine
Robert Huber 1988 Chemistry
Tim Hunt 2001 Medicine
Louis J. Ignarro 1998 Medicine
Elfriede Jelinek 2004 Literature
Daniel Kahneman 2002 Economics
Eric R. Kandel 2000 Medicine
Wolfgang Ketterle 2001 Physics
Klaus von Klitzing 1985 Physics
Aaron Klug * 1982 Chemistry
Brian K. Kobilka 2012 Chemistry
Roger D. Kornberg 2006 Chemistry
Herbert Kroemer 2000 Physics
Finn E. Kydland 2004 Economics
Leon M. Lederman * 1988 Physics
Yuan T. Lee 1986 Chemistry
Robert J. Lefkowitz 2012 Chemistry
Anthony J. Leggett 2003 Physics
Jean-Marie Lehn 1987 Chemistry
Michael Levitt 2013 Chemistry
Tomas Lindahl 2015 Chemistry
Rudolph A. Marcus 1992 Chemistry
Barry J. Marshall 2005 Medicine
Eric S. Maskin 2007 Economics
John C. Mather 2006 Physics
Craig C. Mello 2006 Medicine
Robert C. Merton 1997 Economics
Hartmut Michel 1988 Chemistry
James Mirrlees * 1996 Economics
Paul L. Modrich 2015 Chemistry
William E. Moerner 2014 Chemistry
Mario J. Molina 1995 Chemistry
Edvard Moser 2014 Medicine
May-Britt Moser 2014 Medicine
Kary B. Mullis 1993 Chemistry
Ferid Murad 1998 Medicine
Erwin Neher 1991 Medicine
Ryoji Noyori 2001 Chemistry
Sir Paul Nurse 2001 Medicine
Christiane Nusslein-Volhard 1995 Medicine
Arno Penzias 1978 Physics
Edmund S. Phelps 2006 Economics
Christopher A. Pissarides 2010 Economics
Edward C. Prescott 2004 Economics
Stanley B. Prusiner 1997 Medicine
Jose Ramos-Horta 1996 Peace
Adam G. Riess 2011 Physics
Sir Richard J. Roberts 1993 Medicine
Michael Rosbash 2017 Medicine
Bert Sakmann 1991 Medicine
Bengt I. Samuelsson 1982 Medicine
Jean-Pierre Sauvage 2016 Chemistry
Randy W. Schekman 2013 Medicine
Thomas C. Schelling * 2005 Economics
Brian P. Schmidt 2011 Physics
Richard R. Schrock 2005 Chemistry
Phillip A. Sharp 1993 Medicine
Dan Shechtman 2011 Chemistry
Vernon L. Smith 2002 Economics
Hamilton O. Smith 1978 Medicine
Oliver Smithies * 2007 Medicine
George F. Smoot 2006 Physics
Thomas A. Steitz * 2009 Chemistry
J. Fraser Stoddart 2016 Chemistry
Jack W. Szostak 2009 Medicine
Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1993 Physics
Daniel C. Tsui 1998 Physics
Harold E. Varmus 1989 Medicine
Sir John E. Walker 1997 Chemistry
J. Robin Warren 2005 Medicine
Arieh Warshel 2013 Chemistry
James Watson 1962 Medicine
Eric F. Wieschaus 1995 Medicine
Torsten N. Wiesel 1981 Medicine
Frank Wilczek 2004 Physics
Robert Woodrow Wilson 1978 Physics
David J. Wineland 2012 Physics
Sir Gregory P. Winter 2018 Chemistry
Kurt Wuthrich 2002 Chemistry
Ada E. Yonath 2009 Chemistry
Michael W. Young 2017 Medicine
Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1996 Medicine
Paul Berg 1980 Chemistry
Bruce A. Beutler 2011 Medicine
J. Michael Bishop 1989 Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn 2009 Medicine
Gunter Blobel * 1999 Medicine
Paul D. Boyer * 1997 Chemistry
Sydney Brenner 2002 Medicine
Mario R. Capecchi 2007 Medicine
Thomas R. Cech 1989 Chemistry
Martin Chalfie 2008 Chemistry
Steven Chu 1997 Physics
Aaron Ciechanover 2004 Chemistry
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 1997 Physics
Leon N. Cooper 1972 Physics
Elias James Corey 1990 Chemistry
Robert F. Curl Jr. 1996 Chemistry
Johann Deisenhofer 1988 Chemistry
Peter C. Doherty 1996 Medicine
Richard R. Ernst 1991 Chemistry
Sir Martin J. Evans 2007 Medicine
Eugene F. Fama 2013 Economics
Bernard L. Feringa 2016 Chemistry
Edmond H. Fischer 1992 Medicine
Jerome I. Friedman 1990 Physics
Andre Geim 2010 Physics
Ivar Giaever 1973 Physics
Walter Gilbert 1980 Chemistry
Alfred G. Gilman * 1994 Medicine
Sheldon Glashow 1979 Physics
Roy J. Glauber 2005 Physics
Joseph L. Goldstein 1985 Medicine
Carol W. Greider 2009 Medicine
David J. Gross 2004 Physics
Robert H. Grubbs 2005 Chemistry
Roger Guillemin 1977 Medicine
Sir John B. Gurdon 2012 Medicine
F. Duncan M. Haldane 2016 Physics
John L. Hall 2005 Physics
Lars Peter Hansen 2013 Economics
Serge Haroche 2012 Physics
Oliver Hart 2016 Economics
Leland H. Hartwell 2001 Medicine
Harald zur Hausen 2008 Medicine
James J. Heckman 2000 Economics
Stefan W. Hell 2014 Chemistry
Richard Henderson 2017 Chemistry
Dudley R. Herschbach 1986 Chemistry
Avram Hershko 2004 Chemistry
Gerardus 't Hooft 1999 Physics
H. Robert Horvitz 2002 Medicine
Robert Huber 1988 Chemistry
Tim Hunt 2001 Medicine
Louis J. Ignarro 1998 Medicine
Elfriede Jelinek 2004 Literature
Daniel Kahneman 2002 Economics
Eric R. Kandel 2000 Medicine
Wolfgang Ketterle 2001 Physics
Klaus von Klitzing 1985 Physics
Aaron Klug * 1982 Chemistry
Brian K. Kobilka 2012 Chemistry
Roger D. Kornberg 2006 Chemistry
Herbert Kroemer 2000 Physics
Finn E. Kydland 2004 Economics
Leon M. Lederman * 1988 Physics
Yuan T. Lee 1986 Chemistry
Robert J. Lefkowitz 2012 Chemistry
Anthony J. Leggett 2003 Physics
Jean-Marie Lehn 1987 Chemistry
Michael Levitt 2013 Chemistry
Tomas Lindahl 2015 Chemistry
Rudolph A. Marcus 1992 Chemistry
Barry J. Marshall 2005 Medicine
Eric S. Maskin 2007 Economics
John C. Mather 2006 Physics
Craig C. Mello 2006 Medicine
Robert C. Merton 1997 Economics
Hartmut Michel 1988 Chemistry
James Mirrlees * 1996 Economics
Paul L. Modrich 2015 Chemistry
William E. Moerner 2014 Chemistry
Mario J. Molina 1995 Chemistry
Edvard Moser 2014 Medicine
May-Britt Moser 2014 Medicine
Kary B. Mullis 1993 Chemistry
Ferid Murad 1998 Medicine
Erwin Neher 1991 Medicine
Ryoji Noyori 2001 Chemistry
Sir Paul Nurse 2001 Medicine
Christiane Nusslein-Volhard 1995 Medicine
Arno Penzias 1978 Physics
Edmund S. Phelps 2006 Economics
Christopher A. Pissarides 2010 Economics
Edward C. Prescott 2004 Economics
Stanley B. Prusiner 1997 Medicine
Jose Ramos-Horta 1996 Peace
Adam G. Riess 2011 Physics
Sir Richard J. Roberts 1993 Medicine
Michael Rosbash 2017 Medicine
Bert Sakmann 1991 Medicine
Bengt I. Samuelsson 1982 Medicine
Jean-Pierre Sauvage 2016 Chemistry
Randy W. Schekman 2013 Medicine
Thomas C. Schelling * 2005 Economics
Brian P. Schmidt 2011 Physics
Richard R. Schrock 2005 Chemistry
Phillip A. Sharp 1993 Medicine
Dan Shechtman 2011 Chemistry
Vernon L. Smith 2002 Economics
Hamilton O. Smith 1978 Medicine
Oliver Smithies * 2007 Medicine
George F. Smoot 2006 Physics
Thomas A. Steitz * 2009 Chemistry
J. Fraser Stoddart 2016 Chemistry
Jack W. Szostak 2009 Medicine
Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1993 Physics
Daniel C. Tsui 1998 Physics
Harold E. Varmus 1989 Medicine
Sir John E. Walker 1997 Chemistry
J. Robin Warren 2005 Medicine
Arieh Warshel 2013 Chemistry
James Watson 1962 Medicine
Eric F. Wieschaus 1995 Medicine
Torsten N. Wiesel 1981 Medicine
Frank Wilczek 2004 Physics
Robert Woodrow Wilson 1978 Physics
David J. Wineland 2012 Physics
Sir Gregory P. Winter 2018 Chemistry
Kurt Wuthrich 2002 Chemistry
Ada E. Yonath 2009 Chemistry
Michael W. Young 2017 Medicine
Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1996 Medicine
NOTE: Gunter Blobel, Paul Boyer, Alfred Gilman, Thomas Schelling, Oliver Smithies, James Mirrlees, Leon Lederman, Thomas Steitz, and Aaron Klug have passed away since signing this letter.
难怪记者金微不解地在今日头条发问:
“为什么基因编辑引发科学界公愤，而转基因则被默认甚至科普成安全？
科学界批判重要理由是：细胞系统复杂，基因组互相关联互相影响，基因编辑牵一发而动全身。
基因编辑一般是敲除基因做减法，转基因是转入基因是做加法。转基因同样会影响整个细胞生命系统。
基因编辑和转基因在中国遭遇两种待遇，何解？”
我给记者金微的回答是：“因为不见棺材不掉泪”
“为什么基因编辑引发科学界公愤，而转基因则被默认甚至科普成安全？
科学界批判重要理由是：细胞系统复杂，基因组互相关联互相影响，基因编辑牵一发而动全身。
基因编辑一般是敲除基因做减法，转基因是转入基因是做加法。转基因同样会影响整个细胞生命系统。
基因编辑和转基因在中国遭遇两种待遇，何解？”
我给记者金微的回答是：“因为不见棺材不掉泪”
从戴维．巴尔的摩（David Baltimore）在支持中国人吃转基因作物(GMOs)上的签字,到人类基因编辑国际峰会上发表反对中国深圳专家贺建奎副教授造基因编辑人,我们见识了医学伦理的边界全球规制在一些人身上的两面派、或者说“双重标准”：
一个标准是“只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯”:美国主粮（小麦）绝对禁止转基因化,却签名“推动中国主粮转基因化”。
一个标准是美国专利技术在中国偷偷地“领先”造成基因编辑人了,又用“不符国际准则”的医学伦理，难道支持中国人吃转基因作物(GMOs)就真的“符国际准则”吗？
这个才是值得我们民众反思的问题。
沈阳(sz1961sy)
2:03 2018/12/1 写于北京家中
2:03 2018/12/1 写于北京家中